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Music
of Garhwal |
| Songs
of Garhwal region reflects a basic simplicity and
uncomplicated emotions, largely derived from the
environment of the peace, tranquility and the open
nature all around. The themes of songs are
understandably linked with various agricultural
activities, their main stay and the great love for the
land. Not unexpectedly, certain socio-economic problems
figure in the songs like floods, droughts and ill
treatment of the people. Some folk songs narrate stories
of bravery and legends. |
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tradition of folk songs is much alive in the rural
areas. In villages, women sing these folk songs while
working in the fields or collecting fodder in forest.
There are many styles of group singing, sometimes,
accompanied by rhythmic dances. These include
“Jhoda” and “Thadya”. “Khuded” songs echo
the sad feeling of young bride pinning for their
far-away paternal homes. “Mandals” songs recite on
the occasion of marriage, thread ceremony and other “sanskars”.
“Panwaras” songs are composed to record heroic deeds
and sing in praise of worriers. |
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| The
folk music of this area is generally rhythmic
which is reflected in the dynamic style of folk
dances. Songs related to ‘Sansakaras’ and
seasons are melodious but the rest are musical
as they are played on the rhythm of the musical
instruments. The traditional folk musical
instruments of this area are ‘Dhol &
Damoun’, ‘Daur & Thali’, ‘Turri’,
‘Ransingha’, ‘Dholki’, ‘Masakbhaja’,
‘Bhankora’ etc. Nowadays, Harmonium and
Tabla are also in use. The traditional
instrumentalists ‘Auji’, ‘Badhi’,
‘Bajgi’ have made a great contribution in
the folk music of this area. ‘Dhol &
Damoun’ are played together by ‘Auji’.
These are main folk musical instrument of the
area and are played on most of the occasion.
These are played on the basis of Dhol-Sagar’,
a ancient ‘granth’ of ‘Shankar Vedanth’
or ‘swar-sagar’ containing ‘Dhol’
rhythms for each occasion. “Daur & Thali”
are played on the occasion of
“Ghandiyala” with ‘jagar’ songs and
dances. “Turri” and “Ransingha” are the
instruments of war. |
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| ‘These
are made of brass or copper. “Bhankora” is played only by
the upper caste on the occasion of “Dev-Poojan”.
“Dholaki” is generally used by the traditional
instrumentalist “Baghi” or “Dhaki”. |
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| These
are the folk songs popular in the Rawain - Jaunpur area of Tehri Garhwal. 'Chhopati' are the love
songs sung between men and women in the form of questions and
answers.
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| "Chounphula
and Jhumeila" are among seasonal dances, that are performed
from 'Basant Panchami' onwards to 'Sankranti' or Baisakhi'. 'Jhumeila'
is sometimes mixed but is usually restricted to women. 'Chounphula'
is performed by all sections of the community, at night, in
groups, by men and women. 'Chounphula' folk songs are composed
for the appreciation of nature on various occasions. Chounpala,
Jhmeila and Daryola folk songs all derive their names from the
folk dances of the same nomenclature.
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| Mangal
songs are sung during marriage ceremonies. These songs are
basically "Puja Songs" (hymns) sung along with the
Purohits (Panditjee/priests) who keep chanting "Shlokas"(verses)
in Sanskrit according to the Shastras (scriptures) during the
marriage ceremony. |
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| These
songs are connected with the Puja (worship) of family deities.
There are other Puja songs connected with 'Tantra' and 'Mantras
' to exorcise evil spirits from human beings. |
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| "Basanti”
folk songs are composed for the coming spring season when
flowers bloom and new life springs in the valleys of the hills
of Garhwal. The folk song is sung individually or in groups.
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| Jaggar
falls in the category of ghost and spirit worship, in the form
of a folk song or, at times, combined with dances. Sometimes,
Jaggar may also be in the form of Puja folk songs and is sung in
honour of the various Gods and Goddesses. |
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| This
is a folk song of love and sacrifice among the shepherds. It is
a love dialogue between a man and woman, or, between a boy and
girl. |
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| These
folk songs depict the suffering of a woman caused by separation
from her husband. The women curse the circumstances under which
she has been separated. This is generally when the husband is
away looking for a job. 'Laman', another folk song is sung on
special occasions, expressing the sacrifice that a man is
willing to undergo for his beloved. 'Pawada' also belongs to
this category of folk songs, when sorrow is felt when the
husband has gone to the battle field. |
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| 'Chhura'
folk songs are sung among shepherds, in the form of advice given
by the old to the young, learnt from their experience,
particularly about grazing sheep and goats. |
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Singers |
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| Narendra
Singh Negi is one of the most prominent folk singers of
the Garhwal. |
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| Born
near Pauri town in Pauri Garhwal District, Negi started
his career as a folk singer in his early youth. His
distinctive voice and prolific career made him a
household name amongst Garhwalis both in
India
and abroad.
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| He
has sung hundreds of songs and produced almost a hundred
albums relating to almost all social and cultural
aspects of Uttarakhand.
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| In
years past, he has also sung sad elegies to Tehri
town, recently inundated by the Tehri dam, as well as
fiery protest songs during the Uttarakhand separate
state movement.
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| In 2007, the Calcutta-based
Telegraph called him the "Dylan of the Hills"
for his 2006 protest song, Nauchami Narain, against
Chief Minister ND Tiwari and the entire political class
of Uttarakhand |
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| In
the past decade Garhwali Music has seen a revolution
after the offer by various Music Recording / Cassette
Producing agencies such as Rama Video Cassette and T
Series who have offered new talents from local areas to
make their own Cassettes after getting their songs
recorded in the Studios.
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| This
has led to a sudden surge of a number of hidden talents
from various corners of Garhwal which include famous
personalities such as Kalpana
Chauhan, Meena Rana, Anuradha
Nirala, Pritam
Bharatwan, Gajendra Rana who have made their
contribution to the Garhwali Music by various hit songs
/ music albums over the period.
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| Some
of the hit songs / albums being Gajendra Rana's "Malu",
"Rani Gorkhani", "Leel Ghasyari",
"Pushpa"; Pritam Bhartwan's "Saruli",
"Rajuli" and many other hit albums / songs.
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| With
advance in Technology and easy availability of videocams
and other recording devices, lots of talents have
started producing music albums which has further led to
popularization of Garhwali folk dance. In fact, Garhwali
songs have gained so much popularity over the years that
they have become integral part of the DJ Music being
played during wedding and other functions. |
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the rapid growth and popularity in Garhwali Music and
folk dances, the day is not far when any cultural /
social functions / weddings / festivals / Discotheques
would have some elements of Garhwali Music and folk
dances as an integral part. |
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